Mineral resources are the basis for the survival and growth of mining companies. At Zijin Mining, we have laid a strong foundation for our sustainable development through independent exploration programs and counter-cyclical acquisitions of large and ultra-large projects.

As of December 2024, our total measured, indicated, and inferred mineral resources consisted of 110.37 million tonnes of copper, 3,973 tonnes of gold, 31,836 tonnes of silver, 12.98 million tonnes of zinc & lead, and 17.88 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE). Of which, our proved and probable reserves include 50.43 million tonnes of copper, 1,487 tonnes of gold, 3,253 tonnes of silver, 8.04 million tonnes of zinc & lead, and 8.60 million tonnes of LCE.

Minerals	Unit	Reserves	Resources (including reserves)	Proportion of reserves to resources（%）
Copper	Mt (metal)	50.43	110.37	46
Gold	t (metal)	1,487	3,973	37
Lithium carbonate equivalent	LCE Mt	8.60	17.88	48
Sliver	t (metal)	3,253	31,836	10
Molybdenum	Mt (metal)	2.37	4.94	48
Zinc	Mt (metal)	7.10	11.57	61
Lead	Mt(metal)	0.94	1.41	67

Notes: Resource, reserve, and production figures above are based on a 100% interest in our majority-owned companies, as well as our proportional share in joint ventures and joint operations.

We maintain a comparative advantage in independent exploration, with a unit cost far below the industry’s global average. We focus on exploring for minerals near existing mines, actively carry out greenfield and brownfield exploration, and invest in exploration ventures. More than 50% of our gold and copper resources and over 90% of our zinc (lead) were discovered through independent exploration efforts.